¿Conocíais el comando bind de bash? Se trata de una herramienta integrada en la shell de bash que permite especificar o consultar el modo de repuesta a determinadas combinaciones de teclado, es decir, los famosos shortcuts o atajos de teclado.
Todo el que ha trabajado un tiempo con bash termina utilizando varios atajos de teclado para hacer el trabajo más sencillo (Ctrl+l, Ctrl+r, Ctrl+y…). Hace ya más de diez años (como pasa el tiempo) publique un artículo sobre atajos de teclado en bash y también, en diciembre del mismo año, unas chuletas de bash. Hay bastantes artículos relacionados en el blog a lo largo de todos estos años.
Bien, pues el comando bind, con el parámetro -P, muestra un listado con todos los shortcuts disponibles para bash (luego vemos lo mismo para ksh).
-P List current readline function names and bindings.
Lo importante a tener en cuenta es la siguiente representación, mediante strings, de determinados caracteres especiales y literales:
\C: mantener la tecla control pulsada.\e: tecla de escape o metakey (alt)
Esta es la salida del comando bind -P. También podéis utilizar la salida de bind -p:
[root@foo ~]# bind -P
abort can be found on "\C-g", "\C-x\C-g", "\e\C-g".
accept-line can be found on "\C-j", "\C-m".
alias-expand-line is not bound to any keys
arrow-key-prefix is not bound to any keys
backward-byte is not bound to any keys
backward-char can be found on "\C-b", "\eOD", "\e[D".
backward-delete-char can be found on "\C-h", "\C-?".
backward-kill-line can be found on "\C-x\C-?".
backward-kill-word can be found on "\e\C-h", "\e\C-?".
backward-word can be found on "\eOd", "\e[1;5D", "\e[5D", "\eb".
beginning-of-history can be found on "\e<". beginning-of-line can be found on "\C-a", "\eOH", "\e[1~", "\e[H". bracketed-paste-begin can be found on "\e[200~". call-last-kbd-macro can be found on "\C-xe". capitalize-word can be found on "\ec". character-search can be found on "\C-]". character-search-backward can be found on "\e\C-]". clear-screen can be found on "\C-l". complete can be found on "\C-i", "\e\e". complete-command can be found on "\e!". complete-filename can be found on "\e/". complete-hostname can be found on "\e@". complete-into-braces can be found on "\e{". complete-username can be found on "\e~". complete-variable can be found on "\e$". copy-backward-word is not bound to any keys copy-forward-word is not bound to any keys copy-region-as-kill is not bound to any keys dabbrev-expand is not bound to any keys delete-char can be found on "\C-d", "\e[3~". delete-char-or-list is not bound to any keys delete-horizontal-space can be found on "\e\\". digit-argument can be found on "\e-", "\e0", "\e1", "\e2", "\e3", ... display-shell-version can be found on "\C-x\C-v". do-lowercase-version can be found on "\C-xA", "\C-xB", "\C-xC", "\C-xD", "\C-xE", ... downcase-word can be found on "\el". dump-functions is not bound to any keys dump-macros is not bound to any keys dump-variables is not bound to any keys dynamic-complete-history can be found on "\e\C-i". edit-and-execute-command can be found on "\C-x\C-e". emacs-editing-mode is not bound to any keys end-kbd-macro can be found on "\C-x)". end-of-history can be found on "\e>".
end-of-line can be found on "\C-e", "\eOF", "\e[4~", "\e[8~", "\e[F".
exchange-point-and-mark can be found on "\C-x\C-x".
forward-backward-delete-char is not bound to any keys
forward-byte is not bound to any keys
forward-char can be found on "\C-f", "\eOC", "\e[C".
forward-search-history can be found on "\C-s".
forward-word can be found on "\eOc", "\e[1;5C", "\e[5C", "\ef".
glob-complete-word can be found on "\eg".
glob-expand-word can be found on "\C-x*".
glob-list-expansions can be found on "\C-xg".
history-and-alias-expand-line is not bound to any keys
history-expand-line can be found on "\e^".
history-search-backward can be found on "\e[5~".
history-search-forward can be found on "\e[6~".
history-substring-search-backward is not bound to any keys
history-substring-search-forward is not bound to any keys
insert-comment can be found on "\e#".
insert-completions can be found on "\e*".
insert-last-argument can be found on "\e.", "\e_".
kill-line can be found on "\C-k".
kill-region is not bound to any keys
kill-whole-line is not bound to any keys
kill-word can be found on "\ed".
magic-space is not bound to any keys
menu-complete is not bound to any keys
menu-complete-backward is not bound to any keys
next-history can be found on "\C-n", "\eOB", "\e[B".
non-incremental-forward-search-history can be found on "\en".
non-incremental-forward-search-history-again is not bound to any keys
non-incremental-reverse-search-history can be found on "\ep".
non-incremental-reverse-search-history-again is not bound to any keys
old-menu-complete is not bound to any keys
operate-and-get-next can be found on "\C-o".
overwrite-mode is not bound to any keys
possible-command-completions can be found on "\C-x!".
possible-completions can be found on "\e=", "\e?".
possible-filename-completions can be found on "\C-x/".
possible-hostname-completions can be found on "\C-x@".
possible-username-completions can be found on "\C-x~".
possible-variable-completions can be found on "\C-x$".
previous-history can be found on "\C-p", "\eOA", "\e[A".
print-last-kbd-macro is not bound to any keys
quoted-insert can be found on "\C-q", "\C-v", "\e[2~".
redraw-current-line is not bound to any keys
re-read-init-file can be found on "\C-x\C-r".
reverse-search-history can be found on "\C-r".
revert-line can be found on "\e\C-r", "\er".
self-insert can be found on " ", "!", "\"", "#", "$", ...
set-mark can be found on "\C-@", "\e ".
shell-backward-kill-word is not bound to any keys
shell-backward-word is not bound to any keys
shell-expand-line can be found on "\e\C-e".
shell-forward-word is not bound to any keys
shell-kill-word is not bound to any keys
skip-csi-sequence is not bound to any keys
start-kbd-macro can be found on "\C-x(".
tab-insert is not bound to any keys
tilde-expand can be found on "\e&".
transpose-chars can be found on "\C-t".
transpose-words can be found on "\et".
tty-status is not bound to any keys
undo can be found on "\C-x\C-u", "\C-_".
universal-argument is not bound to any keys
unix-filename-rubout is not bound to any keys
unix-line-discard can be found on "\C-u".
unix-word-rubout can be found on "\C-w".
upcase-word can be found on "\eu".
vi-append-eol is not bound to any keys
vi-append-mode is not bound to any keys
vi-arg-digit is not bound to any keys
vi-back-to-indent is not bound to any keys
vi-backward-bigword is not bound to any keys
vi-backward-word is not bound to any keys
vi-bword is not bound to any keys
vi-bWord is not bound to any keys
vi-change-case is not bound to any keys
vi-change-char is not bound to any keys
vi-change-to is not bound to any keys
vi-char-search is not bound to any keys
vi-column is not bound to any keys
vi-complete is not bound to any keys
vi-delete is not bound to any keys
vi-delete-to is not bound to any keys
vi-editing-mode is not bound to any keys
vi-end-bigword is not bound to any keys
vi-end-word is not bound to any keys
vi-eof-maybe is not bound to any keys
vi-eword is not bound to any keys
vi-eWord is not bound to any keys
vi-fetch-history is not bound to any keys
vi-first-print is not bound to any keys
vi-forward-bigword is not bound to any keys
vi-forward-word is not bound to any keys
vi-fword is not bound to any keys
vi-fWord is not bound to any keys
vi-goto-mark is not bound to any keys
vi-insert-beg is not bound to any keys
vi-insertion-mode is not bound to any keys
vi-match is not bound to any keys
vi-movement-mode is not bound to any keys
vi-next-word is not bound to any keys
vi-overstrike is not bound to any keys
vi-overstrike-delete is not bound to any keys
vi-prev-word is not bound to any keys
vi-put is not bound to any keys
vi-redo is not bound to any keys
vi-replace is not bound to any keys
vi-rubout is not bound to any keys
vi-search is not bound to any keys
vi-search-again is not bound to any keys
vi-set-mark is not bound to any keys
vi-subst is not bound to any keys
vi-tilde-expand is not bound to any keys
vi-unix-word-rubout is not bound to any keys
vi-yank-arg is not bound to any keys
vi-yank-pop is not bound to any keys
vi-yank-to is not bound to any keys
yank can be found on "\C-y".
yank-last-arg can be found on "\e.", "\e_".
yank-nth-arg can be found on "\e\C-y".
yank-pop can be found on "\ey".
Interesante, ¿verdad? Puede resultar muy útil para, en un determinado momento, consultar un atajo de teclado.
Por ejemplo, si observamos estos shortcuts de gestión del historial de comandos de bash…
next-history can be found on "\C-n", "\eOB", "\e[B". previous-history can be found on "\C-p", "\eOA", "\e[A". reverse-search-history can be found on "\C-r".
Podemos ver lo siguiente:
- Búsqueda inversa en el historial de comandos: CTRL + r
- Comando anterior en el historial de comandos: CTRL + p
- Comando siguiente en el historial de comandos: CTRL + n
En el caso de KSH, podéis utilizar el comando:
# bindkey -L